McClelland - Atkinson Model
Need to achieve (Nach):
The motivation to succeed in a performance, driven by the feelings of pride/satisfaction you receive when winning.
High Nach:
- show approach behaviours
- seeks out challenges concerned with standards of performance - will do extra training
- enjoyment in performing in evaluated situations
- attributes performance to internal factors
- attributes failure to external factors
- values feedback
Need to avoid failure (Naf):
The motivation to avoid failing, driven by fear of humiliation and shame.
High Naf:
- shows avoidance behaviours
- aviods challenges
- would rather not compete unless there was a certain chance of victory or against a far better opponent
- attributes performance to external factors
- attributes failure with internal factors
- does not value feedback as it is viewed as criticism.
How a coach can promote "approach behaviour":
- Positive experiences
- gradually increase task difficulty
- goal setting
- use positive feedback and praise/ support from significant others
- reduce punishment
- use attributions correctly
- develop high levels of self-efficacy
Situational factors
Probability of success (task difficulty)
Incentive value of success ( how rewarding success is to the performer)
These two factors are inversely proportional
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